Showing posts with label Disease Focus Consequences. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Disease Focus Consequences. Show all posts

Reforming the Reforms of the Reformers

Friday, October 26, 2012

Numerous documents indicate the reasons for increasing US health care costs. Most are written by the designers of health care. This puts them in the unique position of not understanding health care cost, quality, and access from the perspective of most of the American people as they care so little for them - by design. 

The Seven Drivers are listed from Kaiser Health News (KHN) which use the Bipartisan Committee as a source. The numbered statements are from them. The rest is from RCB.

1. We pay our doctors, hospitals and other medical providers in ways that reward doing more, rather than being efficient

The KHN says fee for service is bad. It certainly is the way that non-primary care manages to find ways to generate more revenue and bypass any cost saving reforms. Fee for service has been the way to build services and workforce – with the consequence of high costs.

Fee for service is a way to reward volume and development of services and workforce, along with better fees for the services - this is why non-primary care has grown rapidly along with the health care servies in 1% of the land area with 50% of workforce and the greatest numbers of services and the most expensive services. The designers in these zip codes have designed health care their way.  Finance Me Crats     To Follow the Money, Follow the Workforce   Health spending patterns shape health workforce and vice versa.


Health care systems get bigger with less competition and the most exclusive services are unregulated with runaway costs. Meanwhile those employed in health care, including doctors, are forced to do what employers and stockholders want – more profits.

Primary care is in need of growth, more volume (not less), and has a limited number of services. Primary care should have the incentive to grow of fee for service or at least not the cutbacks for 30 years as issued by health insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid.


Revised fees, flat rates, and bundlings are innovative ways that can help reduce costs for specialty services, but are not a good choice for primary care that ends up with the short end of the stick. Innovations turn cooperative health provider efforts into competitive and primary care loses in the mix.

KHN says electronic records help. The evidence is mixed and the cost of increased information access drives health care costs up and also occupies more time, reducing primary care volume. This sends more millions to less or no access. HIT has also resulted in closures of primary care offices and services to people most in need of health access. The true intent of cost reduction has been seen rather than supposed improvements. Health info also is used to increase revenue generation with no improvement in care or access or it can be used to commit fraud or what is mostly fraud but legal. These generate increased revenue and higher health care costs.


Perspective of health access primary care - each change ends up cutting primary care out even more along with most Americans left behind by design. No change passes the test of no harm in cost, quality, or access to those already most vulnerable - most of US.


2. We're growing older, sicker and fatter.

While this is true, mostly the nation is dividing into a few with the keys to national and personal treasuries, and most Americans left behind. The nation is dividing toward a very few who rule who are ever less aware of America and Americans and most Americans who fall behind with poorer health, less health care coverage, less access to care, lesser jobs, and little economic impact benefit from the health care design. Most are being marginalized by politicians, health care designers, and economic leaders who are out of touch with most Americans. Politicians realize they can gain more with glitz, innuendo, and personal attacks. All the way to the top there is realization that intellectual discussions of the issues are not the way to get elected. Health care discussions, especially in primary care, are more about promotion rather than solutions.

3. We want new drugs, technologies, services and procedures.

We do want advances, but what are promoted as advances rarely are advances as studies are showing. We get tests that result in more tests and more expensive tests and no better health information. We get tests that lead to procedures that harm or kill. We get promotions directly to us for “advances.” We suffer from the side effects of advances and this results in more health care services and costs. We also have corporations that get laws passed so that they can have greater markets – such as digital mammography that is not an improvement but has much greater cost, or CT scans marketed for any number of conditions, or non-communicable diseases – a new way of marketing disease drug technology focus. We have software, marketing, drug, device, and other corporations expanding their claws on health care dollars and their hold on your wallets and our government treasuries.

And yes, as KHN points out the new are much more costly than the old with little or no help. A Nobel prize winning physician recently pointed this out in cancer care. He also continues to focus his research on interventions that work, rather than marketing those that fail to work. He had to go to another country to get the cooperation needed to do this work. The US market is too lucrative to attempt to develop real improvements as there are so many that generate so much for so little gain - the real US health design.
4. We get tax breaks on buying health insurance -- and the cost to patients of seeking care is often low.

Very few have such health insurance. Most have health insurance that has so many hoops and holes that we are all disgusted – and get less needed care as a result. Many have high deductible health insurance (the only thing that they can afford) which prevents basic health access – care that could prevent higher costs.

But why does this article ignore health insurance as a factor driving up the cost of health care as they just pass on the costs, increase rates, force government and business to cut employees to balance budgets. Could it be that both parties in the Bipartisan want to avoid making powerful insurance companies angry?

Also this article ignores Basic Health Access with maldistribution of health providers and barriers that prevent care. This is a huge problem impacting most Americans, but not those that write articles about health care.

5. We don't have enough information to make decisions on which medical care is best for us.

Well the real problem should be evident now more than ever before. We have way too much information thrown at us and those that finance the information can process their way to money, fame, power, government treasuries, and more. They move far faster than we can investigate and prosecute. Meanwhile we have little real education and human development - requirements for processing information. The loudest voices and those that sound the best win, even when a bad choice for most.

More health information would be nice, but comes at great cost – driving costs up more. Also the information is slanted like this article – away from specific solutions such as less non-primary care workforce (fewer MD, DO, NP, and PA specialists) and more primary care that remains 90% in primary care and distributes best to serve most Americans (family medicine).

As an example of information and promotion rather than solution - Note that nurse practitioners and physician assistants are promoted as primary care solutions, but only the 25% that end up employed in family practice are much help to primary care or to half of Americans in locations with lower to lowest workforce.

Two thirds of NP and PA help promote non-primary care workforce and more profits for health care and higher costs. This is because the US health care design pays more for non-primary care services and NP and PA can help increase revenues with more services, tests, technologies, and procedures with lower employee costs and higher profits. This is no reflection poorly on NP and PA, who benefit from the non-primary care employment. As long as designs reward the designers, the MD, DO, NP, and PA workforce will grow their way and result in much higher health care costs. A major reason for NP and PA not found in primary care is tens of thousands hired by teaching hospitals to fill gaps in workforce left by their own rules and regulations. This moves NP and PA where needed to where health care costs the most. Three Dimensions of Non-Primary Care Expansion Driving Higher Costs - Increase in annual graduates, increased proportions entering non-primary care training, 70% of primary care graduates as non-primary care workforce.


6. Our hospitals and other providers are increasingly gaining market share and are better able to demand higher prices.

Market share is a good example, but see who is buying up the market share. Insurance companies are doing even better as they use their information to buy up the most profitable to shape their control for decades to come. Insurance companies shape confusions such as government control as noted as the Politifact Lie of the Year. Confusion leads to inaction and continued profits - because of the current designers benefitting from the designs. Academic centers also do well under our design, but want even more dollars sent to their zip codes that already receive by far the most health care dollars per person under our design.

7. We have supply and demand problems, and legal issues that complicate efforts to slow spending.

This article was far too vague and confusing and failed to implicate the designers of our current designs – the real reason for spiraling health care costs in the way they influence government and US.

Americans need designs for basic health access, workforce that serves them where they are located, and health spending that make sense for most Americans not just a few.

Disease Focused Disorders

Monday, November 28, 2011

A study just published in NEJM indicates some of the consequences of specific heart disease and diabetes treatments.
“The study, by researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), singles out 4 drugs and drug classes — warfarin, oral antiplatelet medications, insulins, and oral hypoglycemic agents. Alone or together, they account for 67% of emergency ADE hospitalizations of adults 65 years and older. Warfarin was implicated in 33%, lead author Daniel Budnitz, MD, MPH, director of the CDC's Medication Safety Program, and coauthors write.”
Hospital interventions will not work well to address these situations.
Physician interventions have not worked well.
Patient interventions are not likely to work mainly because we often understand so little about patients and even fail to include patient factors in most such studies. Health literacy rates are lower in the elderly, caregivers are important factors, living conditions vary and change because of hospitalizations, etc. Also we are finding out that readmissions to hospitals can greatly be reduced when someone actually visits the home of the patient - what a novel and innovative idea only centuries old.
If the focus continues to be stamping out disease or evidence of disease, people in the United States and worldwide (Myth for the Cure) will have even more problems with warfarin, oral antiplatelet medications, insulins, and oral hypoglycemic agents. Chemotherapy reactions, infections resulting from treatments, and reactions resulting from antibiotics used in treatment are also problem areas.
Note that “High-risk medications were implicated in only 1.2% (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.7) of hospitalizations.” Those inside of hospitals making up the definitions of high risk can be off target.
This is only the tip of the iceberg regarding too much done for too few with too little result. Consequences such as these insure even more done for much greater cost and ever greater potential for adverse outcomes. This also results in less and less remaining for important basic health care services that keep getting bypassed in funding priorities – so not surprisingly one factor that could improve the outcomes is compromised.
The outlook for 2012 is a worsening of primary care, particularly for the elderly who need 2 to 3 more times primary care due to age. Matters will be even worse for those who need the most care. Good luck finding primary care for Medicare patients that have not established care somewhere. At some point the lawyer advertisements will note “Did your hospital send you home too soon? Did your hospital physician send you home on Coumadin, insulin, Plavix, or metformin? Call 555-SUEBYME” and add to the Four Diseases problem of the US - especially greed. Obviously the lawsuit interventions have also not done much to improve care despite trial lawyer claims.
What will work?
Doctors must be more aware of patients, patient situations, and patient limitations before training, during training, and after training. If they are not aware before training, they are not likely to improve after training. They will do too much for patients that will consequently have more adverse events.
Physicians who are more likely to know their patients are may also be less aggressive in treatment – a policy that is good for some patients and not as good for some, but is less likely to result in emergency hospitalizations and adverse events. Being ridiculed or rated lower in quality is a consequence of being aware of your patients. But the best care for patients is about the patient and situation rather than being guideline perfect.
Treating patients all the same with the same guidelines appears to be contraindicated for best results.
This is why guidelines regarding aspirin, beta blockers, anticoagulants, and measures of diabetes outcomes must be processed by the primary care nurses, physicians, and practitioners that know the patients and their situations rather than prosecuted as in Pay for Performance, system requirements, other insurance company measures, or other guidelines.
Note that patients are often placed on aspirin, beta blockers, anticoagulants, hypertensive medications, heart medications, and diabetes medications during a hospitalization BUT THOSE WHO BEGAN THE MEDICATIONS ARE OFTEN NO LONGER PART OF THE CARE.
Insurance companies force the primary care doctors and nurses to pick up the responsibility even though the patient was sent out before stabilization, before the side effects were known, and before adequate follow up was assured – a nice result of the US hospital and hospitalist design and the US design that defeats enough primary care workforce and overloads primary care nurses. By shifting the workload and responsibility, this was another indication of irresponsibility in health care design and implementation.
“With an estimated 21,010 hospitalizations for warfarin-related hemorrhages, the cost for this one type of adverse drug event is probably hundreds of millions of dollars annually.24” Actually a better estimate would be over 1 billion to as much as 5 billion. These are not cheap hospitalizations when brains, lungs, and other organs are involved. Low cost hemorrhages do not get hospitalized. These costs do not include rehab of brains, lungs, joints, etc. or costs to caregivers and the nation in productivity.
Consider the cost of 250,000 annual ER visits ranging from $500 – 2000 per visit then there are urgent care, office visits, hospitalizations, placements in long term care, and deaths.
Thanks to all 12,000 who have visited Basic Health Access in 2011.

Robert C. Bowman, M.D.        Basic Health Access Web    Basic Health Access Blog

Dr. Bowman is the North American Co-Editor of Rural and Remote Health and a Professor in Family Medicine at A T Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine. He was the founding chair of the Rural Medical Educators Group of the National Rural Health Association, he was the long term chair of the STFM Group on Rural Health, he is the founding director of Priority Infrastructure at http://www.infrastructureamerica.org/ and he is the author of the World of Rural Medical Education, and Physician Workforce Studies

The consistent theme is too much done for too few with too little result. Consequences insure even more done for much greater cost with ever greater potential for adverse outcomes. Basic health care services are also compromised by this design that sends ever more dollars to more different diseases resulting in few remaining to collaborate with patients, families, caregivers, specialists, and health care teams to optimize care and minimize consequences.
Related Posts

The Squeeze Play That Fails

Monday, November 21, 2011

Medicare is supposed to be a design that facilitates health care for the elderly. But the overall US design for health care insures that most of the elderly fail in access to basic health services.
Medicare pays out 30% of spending for the final year of life. The 70% not dying soon are left behind. Medicare pays out more than 70% to zip codes where only 30% of the elderly are found. About 68% of the elderly do not benefit from the direct or indirect impacts of health spending. The elderly are less likely to be found in the 3400 zip codes where over 80% of stroke centers, heart attack centers, and emergency rooms are found.
The elderly need two to three times more primary care, but are also least likely to reside in zip codes with concentrations of primary care. Internal medicine primary care levels drop by about 2000 each year. Do any of these seem to work out well for the elderly or for most Americans left behind by design? Is there any specific plan that would actually result in the primary care workforce needed by the elderly and guaranteed to remain in primary care and guaranteed to be available to the elderly  when and where they need primary care? Absolutely not!
The United States pays attention to non-primary care, hospital, academic, and subspecialty care. Cost overruns for declines in those left outside. Even though Medicare does not really work for the major needs of the elderly, Medicare spending appears immune to changes. It does not take much to stir up the elderly to oppose change, even when their coverage program does not work well.
Primary care is even lower in priority squeezed by the last year of life, squeezed by Medicare cuts, squeezed by Medicaid cuts, abused by insurance companies, and squeezed by priorities placed on academic, hospital, and subspecialty care. Each new technology advance results in higher costs and cuts in lower priority areas. The Squeeze Play results directly in less primary care spending, less primary care workforce, and even less primary care delivery as the cost of delivering primary care continues to increase.
Reality Check in Primary Care
Numerous political and health care leaders have touted primary care as important in health access, in reducing overall health care costs, and in improving health care quality. But no political or health or academic or journal leader has come close to explaining how the United States will prevent steady 5 – 10% annual declines in primary care delivery each year for the next decade or more. Those who truly support primary care as a vehicle of cost, quality, and access would not allow it the past 15 years of steady decline with more years to come.
The reasons for declines in primary care delivery are quite simple.
  • PC Workforce shortages - Shortages of primary care workforce are the major limitation. Primary care cost increases simply do not allow the United States to pay for as much primary care workforce – especially RN, MD, DO, NP, and PA. Without more workforce it is not possible to deliver more primary care – plain and simple. This is the folly of various promotions involving technology, case management, or reorganization of care.
  • PC Spending Freezes or Cuts – First the Medicare Physician Advisory Committee recommended cuts in all Medicare fees, then it changed its recommendation to Congress to a freeze in primary care for 7 years – sparing some of the cuts that will be seen in non-primary care areas. Without the action of Congress or some change by the Obama Administration, on January 1, 2012 a 27.4% cut is scheduled for all physician Medicare fees, including primary care. The final rule is already in place.
  • PC Cost of Delivery Increases - Primary care delivery costs at least 10% more each year. The usual costs of personnel, health insurance, office space, equipment, and insurance keep rising.
  • New Types of Costs Added - In addition those attempting to deliver primary care in areas short of primary care (most of the nation) are having to pay increasing amounts to recruit primary care, to retain primary care, and to pay for temporary primary care help (locums). Many have been enticed to invest in costly electronic software, more and newer electronic hardware, consultants, various certifications, and advertising. None of these improve the ability to deliver more volume at lower cost.
  • Inefficient Designs Reducing Primary Care Delivery - The most numerous primary care workforce, 270,000 primary care registered nurses, remains hostage to the cost cutting designs of government and insurance companies. Instead of being able to deliver care, primary care nurses are often on the phone or online attempting to get approval for needed care when they are not defragmenting our fragmented health information sources. Because our nation has a cost cutting design rather than a design to deliver health care, health care delivery is inefficient and ineffective by design.
Front line primary care workforce that remains permanently in primary care is in trouble. Family medicine is specifically impacted with 90% remaining in primary care for a career and because family physicians are 3 times more likely to be seen by the elderly (Ferrer). Other sources can move away from primary care and have been doing so steadily for decades and across the years after graduation.
In many ways internal medicine has already responded with declines of primary care workforce at 1500 to 2000 per year – the result of only 1400 IM graduates per year entering primary care combined with steady departures from primary care each year after graduation. Internal medicine should be down below 60,000 in primary care by 2021 and between 2025 and 2030 it will be no more than 42,000. This is all that 1400 annual graduates for 30 years can produce, not counting departures in the years after entry which could take IM primary care even lower and faster.
Complicating primary care is overall health spending. The increases in overall spending will force overall cuts that will not spare primary care – resulting in worsening of health access.
So What Do We Spend and On Who?  From NY Times

2011
2021
% Change
Medicare Per Person
$9,735
$13,500
39%
Non-Medicare Per Person
$8,060
$8,989
12%
US Health Spending Per Person
$8,333
$9,864
18%
Medicare population
49,000,000
64,000,000
31%
Non-Medicare population
251,000,000
266,000,000
6%
Total Population
300,000,000
330,000,000
10%
Medicare spending
$477,000,000,000
$864,000,000,000
81%
Non-Medicare spending
$2,023,000,000,000
$2,391,000,000,000*
18%
Total Health Care Spending
$2,500,000,000,000
$3,255,000,000,000*
30%
Health % of GDP
17%
21%
Gross Domestic Product
$14,000,000,000,000
$15,500,000,000,000*
11%


Data from Census and NY Times except for *my estimates
Medicare costs will go up substantially to 864 billion dollars by government estimates. This 81% increase does include more elderly 39% increase per Medicare person from 2011 to 2021.
This will exert down pressure on other health spending (and non-health spending as well). The total health spending will increase 30% at least and might be even more since we have Three Dimensions of Non-Primary Care Workforce Expansion – a major driver of overall health care costs. Non-primary care just does not respond well to any interventions to save cost other than less non-primary care workforce.
The non-Medicare parts of the nation will increase in population by 6 percentage points but will not come close to the Medicare spending increases. The overall US health care bill is set to increase by 30% by 2021. Increases in spending upon the elderly and the last year of life will impact the lives of all of those not in the last year of life or elderly.
There is not much room to consider any types of increases, something that primary care must have to stay even with primary care delivery. The failure to understand this and separate primary care out for increases is a disaster for primary care.
Non-primary care has no where to go but up with a 32% increase. This will result in primary care staying flat at 5% of health spending or 125 billion a year.
Each year with costs of delivering primary care going up, the end result will be a 5% to 10% decrease each year in primary care delivery. This will result in a 40% - 65% decline in primary care delivery from 2011 to 2021. Also matters are worse with the elderly set to double from now until 2030, demanding 2 to 3 times more primary care compared to the remaining age groups. Using the Standard Primary Care Year, the US has already had steady declines class year to class year in primary care production predicting the future that is already  upon us and will remain for at least 20 years.
The elderly will be squeezed just as much and perhaps even more. They will be facing at least three major problems – fewer physicians accepting Medicare, declining primary care workforce, and primary care workforce declining fastest in the 30,000 zip codes with 65% of the US population and 68% of the Medicare population. There are also more complications because the elderly as they age steadily lose mobility and the ability to transport – and they will have to transport as US workforce concentrates even more into zip codes where the elderly are less likely to be found.
The US design really works out well only for a few that are concentrated in 1% of the land area where US health care spending is concentrated in 1000 zip codes. These are locations with the least proportions of primary care, the fewest elderly, the most lines of revenue, the highest reimbursement level in each line, and the highest concentrations of all types of health care. These 1000 zip codes put a squeeze play on the rest of the nation.
Thanks to all 12,000 who have visited Basic Health Access in 2011.

Robert C. Bowman, M.D.        Basic Health Access Web    Basic Health Access Blog

Dr. Bowman is the North American Co-Editor of Rural and Remote Health and a Professor in Family Medicine at A T Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine. He was the founding chair of the Rural Medical Educators Group of the National Rural Health Association, he was the long term chair of the STFM Group on Rural Health, he is the founding director of Priority Infrastructure at http://www.infrastructureamerica.org/ and he is the author of the World of Rural Medical Education, and Physician Workforce Studies

Deifying Disease By Design

Can We Have Our Billions Back Please?

Exploring the Health Consequences of Disease Focus

How the Disease Focused Abuse Health Access

Sunday, November 20, 2011

Names and Naming Must Be More Important
United States leaders have developed the nasty habit of calling things what they are not. No Child Left Behind reflects a process of American education that leaves most behind. American primary care training is 70% not primary care in result even though deans and health professional associations claim otherwise.
I just searched “Health Access” to see emerging web sites. I was not surprised to be third to Health Access and Health Access Project – groups focused on consumers in California and people left behind in health access in Salt Lake County. Basic Health Access comes in 3rd perhaps due to my use of Google.
At number 6 on the listing was the Clinton Health Access Initiative. I thought perhaps this might be a good source to contact. But the site explained that it is really about access to drugs and treatments. The site is about disease focus. Granted HIV/AIDs is important and is even more important in children in Africa, but health access should be more about health and basic health care.
Where basic health access focus exists and where basic health services exist, health is going to be higher quality. This is less about the term or the services and more about the conditions reflected. When there are better designs for people, the people can focus attention on health and their health and the health of their children. People decide about healthy behaviors or not or about when to seek care or not. Improving people in the earliest years is most important regarding health outcomes. When people have better beginnings, then health actually gets a chance to exist. Also when people live under these conditions, people can also spend much less on disease and treatment and hospitals and even somewhat less on primary care – by design.
At the Clinton site “CHAI with UNITAID funding, has become the largest buyer of pediatric fixed dose combination formulas and DNA PCR tests, and the third largest buyer of ready to use therapeutic food. At least there is some recognition that disease treatment works better with better nutrition. Better nutrition for nearly all can do far more than disease treatment however. Disease treatment focus can compromise better nutrition for nearly all.
I clicked on the rural program link at CHAI which may have existed once but does not exist now.
I guess I was hoping for more from those who helped craft the 1990s brief move toward primary care and health access (business and government managed care coalition). This has been the only interruption of 32 years of steady deterioration in these areas and 32 years of domination of disease focus. This was also a brief but important move for all in the United States. This move slowed health care spending for a short time – time enough to allow the economy to catch up to be able to afford health care. This set the US on the longest run of economic progress in recent history. It was about a brief move away from disease focus - one that can result in substantial benefits for most Americans by design.
This time has passed us by long ago as health care is crippling the economy and has less and less to do with health or health care. The focus is more and more on disease research, testing, and treatment – as with this CHAI site.
Names are important as they help guide the attention of people. Access to HIV treatment is important. But when disease and treatment is the focus, the name of the foundation should reflect the focus.
Perhaps now I know why our Secretary of State focused attention upon the elimination of HIV/AIDs in recent statements.
At some point we should have a leader focused on Basic Health Access for basic health access purposes rather than cost cutting or disease focus - the two main players in the US health care design. And we will soon see the across the board cuts that will only slightly impact non-primary care and disease focus but will devastate primary care.
 
Thanks to all 12,000 who have visited Basic Health Access in 2011.

Robert C. Bowman, M.D.        Basic Health Access Web    Basic Health Access Blog

Dr. Bowman is the North American Co-Editor of Rural and Remote Health and a Professor in Family Medicine at A T Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine. He was the founding chair of the Rural Medical Educators Group of the National Rural Health Association, he was the long term chair of the STFM Group on Rural Health, he is the founding director of Priority Infrastructure at http://www.infrastructureamerica.org/ and he is the author of the World of Rural Medical Education, and Physician Workforce Studies


Clinician Specific Medical Education